Frequently Asked Questions: Sudden Cardiac Arrest, Heart Attack, and CPR
In this section, AED Force delves into frequently asked questions about critical medical emergencies like Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA), heart attacks, and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in order to Empower You to Save Lives! Understanding these topics is crucial for prompt and effective response during emergencies.
Automated External Defibrillators (AED)
What is an AED?
An AED, or Automated External Defibrillator, is a portable device that delivers an electric shock to the heart in case of sudden cardiac arrest, helping restore a normal heart rhythm.
How does an AED work?
AEDs analyze the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, deliver an electric shock to restore a normal heartbeat. They are designed for use by bystanders and provide audio and visual prompts for ease of use.
Who can use an AED?
AEDs are designed to be user-friendly and can be used by a wide range of individuals, including those with and without medical training. Many AEDs provide audio and visual prompts to guide users through the process, which is especially helpful for bystanders or laypeople who come across a person experiencing sudden cardiac arrest and the users have little or no AED experience. Other users include and are not limited to general public, trained individuals, emergency responders, school personnel, workplace first aid responders, and community members.
Where are AEDs commonly located?
AEDs are often found in public places such as airports, schools, shopping malls, gyms, workplaces, public transportation hubs, and restaurants.
Are there any age restrictions for using an AED?
AEDs can be used on individuals of all ages, including children. Pediatric pads or settings may be available for infants and young children.
Bleed Control Kits
What is a bleed control kit?
A bleed control kit contains items like dressings, bandages, and tourniquets to control severe bleeding in emergency situations.
When should a bleed control kit be used?
Bleed control kits are used in situations where there is severe bleeding that cannot be controlled with direct pressure alone, such as in the case of a traumatic injury.
How do I use a tourniquet from a bleed control kit?
Apply the tourniquet above the bleeding site, tighten it until the bleeding stops, and secure it in place. Note the time of application for emergency medical personnel.
Can anyone use a bleed control kit?
Yes, individuals with basic first aid training can use a bleed control kit. Training on proper use is recommended.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
What is CPR?
CPR is a life-saving technique that involves chest compressions and rescue breaths. It is performed to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation when a person's heart and breathing have stopped.
How deep should chest compressions be during CPR?
Chest compressions should be at least 2 inches deep for adults and children and about 1.5 inches for infants. Allow the chest to recoil between compressions.
Should I perform CPR if the person is still breathing?
CPR is generally performed when a person is unresponsive and not breathing or not breathing normally. If the person is breathing normally, CPR may not be necessary.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest Versus Heart Attack
What are the differences and similarities between Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) and Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)?
Differences
SCA
Sudden cardiac arrest is a medical emergency where the heart suddenly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. It is often caused by an electrical malfunction in the heart, resulting in an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia).
Myocardial Infarction
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, usually by a blood clot. The affected part of the heart muscle begins to die due to lack of oxygen and nutrients.
Similarities
Cardiovascular Origin
Both sudden cardiac arrest and heart attacks involve the heart. They are cardiovascular events that can be life-threatening and require prompt medical attention.
Can Be Linked to Coronary Artery Disease
Both conditions may be related to coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition where the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked, affecting blood flow to the heart.
Medical Emergencies
Both sudden cardiac arrest and heart attacks are considered medical emergencies, and immediate intervention is crucial for the best possible outcomes.
Symptoms
SCA
Often occurs without warning, SCA has sudden loss of responsiveness, no normal breathing, and no pulse.
Myocardial Infarction
Chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain or discomfort in the arm, jaw, neck, and/or back. Symptoms are often more gradual and may persist.
Possible Causes
SCA
Most often caused by an electrical problem in the heart, leading to arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation, and causes may include heart rhythm disorders, heart attacks, drowning, severe trauma, and certain drug overdoses.
Myocardial Infarction
Usually caused by a blockage in one or more coronary arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart muscle.
Survival Rate
SCA
Without immediate intervention, SCA has a low survival rate. However, prompt CPR and AED can significantly improve survival chances and save lives. CPR and AED use should be initiated as soon as possible. For every minute that passes without intervention, the chance of survival decreases, emphasizing the importance of immediate action and the use of an AED.
Survivor Story: Video Showcases How AED Saved a Teenager's Life
The below video details a story of how a rare genetic condition caused Bennett Hart’s heart to stop three times between the ages of 8 and 15. See how Bennett, a determined student athlete, overcame every obstacle with the support of his friends and family and the life-saving AED. Special thanks to AED Force's partner Stryker for sharing the video.
Myocardial Infarction
Survival rates for heart attacks are generally higher, especially with prompt medical treatment. The extent of damage to the heart muscle varies.
Treatment
SCA
Immediate CPR and defibrillation are critical. Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) measures are also needed.
Myocardial Infarction
Medications, interventions to open blocked arteries such as angioplasty or stent placement, and lifestyle changes are common treatments for heart attacks.